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  • Colreg’s (ROR)
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    • Part A- General
      • Rule 1 – Application
      • Rule 2 – Responsibility
      • Rule 3 – General Definitions
    • Part B- Steering and Sailing
      • Section 1 (Rule 4 -10)
        • Rule 4 – Application
        • Rule 5 – Lookout
        • Rule 6 – Safe Speed
        • Rule 7 – Risk of collision
        • Rule 8 – Action to avoid collision
        • Rule 9 – Narrow Channels
        • Rule 10 – Traffic separation schemes
      • Section 2 (Rule 11 – 18)
        • Rule 11 – Application
        • Rule 12 – Sailing vessels
        • Rule13 – Overtaking
        • Rule 14 – Head on situation
        • Rule 15 – Crossing situation
        • Rule 16 – Action by give-way vessel
        • Rule 17 – Action by stand-on vessel
        • Rule 18 – Responsibilities between vessels
      • Section 3 (Rule 19)
        • Rule 19 – Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
    • Part C- Lights and Shapes
      • Rule 20 – Application
      • Rule 21- Definitions
      • Rule 22 – Visibility of lights
      • Rule 23 – Power-driven vessels underway
      • Rule 24 – Towing and pushing
      • Rule 25 – Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars
      • Rule 26 – Fishing vessels
      • Rule 27 – Vessels N.U.C or R.A.M
      • Rule 28 – Vessels constrained by their draught
      • Rule 29 – Pilot vessels
      • Rule 30 – Anchored vessels and vessels aground
      • Rule 31 – Seaplanes
    • Part D- Sound and Light Signals
      • Rule 32 – Definitions
      • Rule 33 – Equipment for sound signals
      • Rule 34 – Manoeuvring and warning signals
      • Rule 35 – Sound signals in restricted visibility
      • Rule 36 : Signals to attract attention
      • Rule 37 – Distress signals
    • Part E- Exemptions (Rule 38)
      • Rule 38 – Exemptions
    • Part F – Verification of compliance with the provisions of the Convention
      • Rule 39 – Definitions
      • Rule 40 – Application
      • Rule 41 – Verification of compliance
    • Annexes
      • Annex 1 – Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
      • ANNEX II – Additional Signals for Fishing Vessels Fishing in Close Proximity
      • ANNEX III – Technical Details of Sound Signal Appliances
      • ANNEX IV – Distress Signals
  • Glossary
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Echo Sounder – Principle, Working & Errors

Echo Sounder

One of the dangers faced by a ship is that of run­ning aground. Usually, a vessel determines its position by means of GPS, Radar, Decca, Loran or visual bearings. The depth of water is checked from the echo sounder just as a matter of routine to see that the depth obtained matches with that show on the chart. However when the position is not accurately known while approaching the port, or crossing over a bar, or near the mouth of a river, or in a poorly surveyed area, the under-keel clearance and depth of water needs to be known. The echo sounder comes in handy in such situation.An Echo … [Read more...]

By Cult of Sea Filed Under: Bridge Equipment Tagged With: Bridge Equipment, echo, echo sounder, electrostriction, Magnetostrcition, sea bed, sonar, transducer

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