Bill of Lading A Bill of Lading is a receipt for goods either received (before shipment) or shipped on board.Is a good evidence of the existence of a contract between the shipper and carrier. It is not a true contract since only one party signs it. Is a document of title, signifying that the holder has the legal right to possession of the goods it describes. Right to possession is different from the right to ownership, which is determined by the terms of the sale contract. May, depending on how Bill of Lading is made out, be negotiable i.e. transferable to a third party so as to … [Read more...]
Heavy Lift Cargo – Precautions and Stability Changes Onboard Merchant Ships
Precautions for Heavy Lift OnboardCarry out a “Risk Assessment” prior to commencing the operation to ensure that all possible areas of hazard are taken account of and that all risks are at an acceptable, tolerable risk level. Ensure that the stability of the vessel is adequate to compensate for the anticipated angle of heel that be experienced when the load at the maximum angle of outreach. All free surface elements should be reduced or eliminated, if possible, to ensure a positive value of GM throughout the operation. Any additional rigging, such as “preventer backstays” should … [Read more...]
Control of operational discharge of oil (Cargo Area)
Marpol Regulation 34 Discharges outside special areas Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied:.1 the tanker is not within a special area; .2 the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land; (This is to make quite certain that the very small amounts of oil permitted to be discharged in compliance with requirements (.4) and (.5)will not reach the shore.) .3 the tanker is proceeding en route; (This eliminates the possible concentration of the permitted … [Read more...]
Cargo Calculations – Tanker Work
General An oil volume can only be measured at its prevailing temperature and it, therefore, follows that the standard volume must usually be calculated. Unfortunately, different countries have different standard (reference) temperatures.Generally, the reference temperatures are:In Eastern Bloc, Brazil 20oC; In Western Europe 15oC; In the USA 60oF. The situation is further confused in that there are primarily two volumetric units, which are:In metric countries the cubic meter (m ) In non-metric countries the barrel (Bbl).Combining a statement of volume … [Read more...]