the maximum moisture content of a cargo that may liquefy at a level which is considered safe for carriage in ships other than those ships which, because of design features of specialized fittings, may carry cargo with a moisture content over and above this limit. … [Read more...]

The true vapour pressure of a liquid is the absolute pressure exerted by the gas produced by evaporation from a liquid when gas and liquid are in equilibrium at the prevailing temperature. … [Read more...]

The degree to which a substance or mixture of substances can harm humans or animals.‘Acute toxicity’ involves harmful effects to an organism through a single short-term exposure.‘Chronic toxicity’ is the ability of a substance or mixture of substances to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure, sometimes lasting for the entire life of the exposed organism. … [Read more...]

The introduction of inert gas into a tank which is already in the inert condition with the object of raising the tank pressure to prevent any ingress of air. … [Read more...]

The operation of completing the loading of a tank to a required ullage. … [Read more...]

Airborne concentrations of substances under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be exposed day after day with no adverse effect. TLV's are advisory exposure guidelines, not legalstandards, that are based on industrial experience and studies.There are three different types of TLV's:- Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) — the airborne concentrations of a toxic substance averaged over an 8 hour period, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm).- Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL) — the airborne concentration of a toxic substance averaged over any 15 minute period, … [Read more...]

The process of removing hydrocarbon vapours, liquid or residue from tanks. Usually carried out so that tanks can be entered for inspection or hot work. … [Read more...]